Zinc supplementation significantly increased height, weight and height-for-age scores in children.

In healthy children, vitamin K2 improved activation of osteocalcin — the protein that binds calcium into bone.

Average height of 19-year-olds varies by around 20 cm between countries — a spread the authors attribute to differences in nutritional quality, not genetics.

The AAP's clinical report on children's bone health identifies adequate calcium and vitamin D intake as central to building peak bone mass during the growing years.

Calcium supplementation increased bone mineral density, with the effect concentrated in children whose dietary intake was lower.

In young children, magnesium intake and absorption predicted bone mineral content and density — while dietary calcium alone did not.

Children with vitamin D deficiency grew roughly 0.6 cm less per year — even those without short stature.

Iodine-deficient children scored 6.9 to 10.2 IQ points lower than iodine-sufficient peers — deficiency remains the leading preventable cause of impaired development.

Most American children don't meet dietary quality recommendations on a typical day — the gap HappyGrow is built around.

Around 40% of how tall a person grows comes down to environment rather than genetics — above all, nutrition during the growing years.

A pediatric trial of L-carnitine found no effect on growth rate in children who were not deficient — one reason we're careful about what we claim.